Subject English Essay Example For Students

Subject: English Essay Language: EnglishJonathan Swifts Gullivers TravelsGulliver in HouynhnmlandOne of the most intriguing inquiries regarding Gullivers Travels iswhether the Houyhnhnms speak to a perfect of judiciousness or whether onthe other hand they are the butt of Swifts parody. As it were, inBook IV, is Swift making jokes about the talking ponies or does he mean forus to pay attention to them as the best possible approach to act? On the off chance that we look carefully atthe way that the Houyhnhnms demonstration, we can see that in actuality Swift does nottake them truly: he utilizes them to show the threats of pride. First we need to see that Swift doesn't take Gullverseriously. For example, his name sounds a lot of like guileless, whichsuggests that he will think anything. Additionally, when he first observes theYahoos and they toss fecal matter on him, he reacts by doing likewise inreturn until they flee. He says, I should needs find some morerational being, (203) despite the fact that as a human he is as of now the mostrational being there is. This is the reason Swift alludes to Erasmus Darwinsdiscovery of the inception of the species and the journey of the Beagletoshow how Gulliver realizes that individuals are at the highest point of the natural pecking order. We will compose a custom article on Subject: English explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Be that as it may, if Lemule Gulliver is parodied, so are the Houyhnhnms, whosevoices sound like the call of castrati. They stroll on two legs rather offour, and appear to be a lot of like individuals. As Gulliver says, It was with theutmost awe that I saw these animals playing the fluteand moving a Vienese waltz. To my brain, they appeared the greatesthumans ever found in court, considerably more dextrous than the Lord Edmund Burke(162). As this statement illustrates, Gulliver is frightfully intrigued, buthis esteem for the Houyhnhnms is fleeting in light of the fact that they are soprideful. For example, the pioneer of the Houyhnhnms guarantees that he hasread all crafted by Charles Dickens, and that he can singlehandedlyrecite the names of the considerable number of Kings and Queens of England up to George II. Quick quietly shows that this Houyhnhnms pride is lost when, in themiddle of the scholarly rivalry, he overlooks the name of QueenElizabeths spouse. Swifts parody of the Houyhnhnms turns out in different manners also. One of the most paramount scenes is the point at which the dapple dim female horse endeavors towoo the pony that Guenivre has carried with him to the island. First sheacts coyly, strutting around the befuddled pony. In any case, when thisdoes not have the ideal impact, she gets another idea:As I viewed in astonishment from my roost in the highest point of a tree, the sorrelnag ran off and came back with a yahoo on her back who was at this point moremonstrous than Mr. Pope being fitted by a clothier. She dropped thiscreature before my bother as though presenting a penance. My pony sniffedthe animal and dismissed. (145)It may appear that we should pay attention to this scene as a failedattempt at romance, and that therefore we should see the dark mareas a solitary sweetheart. In any case, it bodes well on the off chance that we see that Swift isbeing satiric here: it is the female Houyhnhnm who makes the move, whichwould not have occurred in eighteenth-century England. The Houyhnhm isb eing prideful, and it is that pride that makes him unfit to impressGullivers horse. Gulliver envisions the pony saying, Sblood, the notionof making the exposed upheld mammoth with a creature who had held Mr. Pope onher back makes me queezy (198). .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9 , .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9 .postImageUrl , .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9 , .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9:hover , .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9:visited , .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9:active { border:0!important; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9:active , .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9:hover { haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7 764ed8311a9 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0105cddc990708eb912e7764ed8311a9:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Emotional insight EssayA last sign that the Houyhnmns are not intended to be takenseriously happens when the pioneer of the Houynhms visits Lilliput, wherehe visits the French Royal Society. He goes into a room where ascientist is attempting to transform wine into water (itself a prideful demonstration thatrefers to the marriage at Gallilee). The researcher has been working hardat the trial for a long time without progress, when the Houyhnmnarrives and quickly realizes that to do: The animal no sooner steppedthrough the entryway than he struck upon an arrangement. Slurping up all the winein sight, he immediately made water in a basin t hat sat close to the entryway (156). He has achieved the researchers objective, yet the researcher isn't happy,for his business has now been decimated. Swifts clear ramifications isthat despite the fact that the Houyhnhmns are brilliant, they don't have the foggiest idea how to usethat information to help society, just for their own pridefulagrandizement. All through Gullivers Travels, the Houyhnhms are demonstrated to be anideal turned out badly. In spite of the fact that their expectation may have been acceptable, they dontknow how to would what they like to do in light of the fact that they are loaded up proudly. They misdirect Gulliver and they even deceive themselves. The parody onthem is especially all around clarified by the new conceived Houyhnhm who, havingjust been conceived, shouts, With such a passage, what must I expectfrom a mind-blowing remainder! (178).

Pfizers Drug

Pfizers Drug What are the various stages that a Drug Company experiences so as to offer another medication item for sale to the public in the U.S. what's more, Europe? In the US and Europe markets, new medications are discharged in the market after various preliminaries have been finished. This is important to asses their adequacy and security. Stage one rotates around trial medication where preliminaries are done to asses the medications bearableness and security. As much as the medication may be controlled, this is typically done under a great deal of supervision.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Pfizer’s Drug-Testing Strategy in Nigeria explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Phase two spins around the viability of the medication corresponding to the disease (Pfizer, 2011, p. 8). For this situation, the adequacy of the medication in treating the disease is assessed. This stage is portrayed by gathering a great deal of data on the medication to see its s ecurity, dangers and reactions. Actually, the most ideal path by which the medication can be regulated and the correct dose are assessed. Stage three is done on enormous populaces to measure the viability of the medication. For this situation, an enormous number of members are picked to give an essential premise to the test medicate. The subsequent stage after stage three is enlistment with the administrative position (Pfizer, 2011, p. 5). For example, the FDA in US and the EMEA in Europe are liable for enrollment. After this has been in all actuality, new medications would then be able to be offered to patients. Another endorsement alludes to drugs that have been given the green light to be showcased. Stage four rotates around post promoting considers that are once in a while done on a medication after it has been enrolled. Did Pfizer act unscrupulously by racing to exploit a scourge in Nigeria to test trial sedates on youngsters? Pfizer acted deceptively on the grounds that the me dication had not been affirmed to be managed on 100 kids (BBC, 2001, p. 23). The organization disregarded three laws in this way prompting the passing of five kids. In actuality, youngsters and their folks didn't realize that they were utilizing a trial sedate. Would it be advisable for it to have been less entrepreneurial and continued all the more cautiously? There are generally signs to show that the organization was some way or another crafty in its moves. It appears that Pfizer didn't follow the correct advance since all the stages were not embraced (BBC, 2001, p.14). The organization exploited this scourge to test its test medication and this ought to have been accomplished all the more cautiously. Were corners sliced concerning quiet assent in the hurry to set up a preliminary? Corners were sliced as to understanding assent since kids and their folks didn't realize that they were utilizing a test tranquilize. It very well may be all around demonstrated that patients didn't re alize that they were utilizing an exploratory medication in light of the fact that the organization couldn't demonstrate it.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Did specialists keep patients on Trovan too long when they ought to have changed them to another drug? It is very evident that patients were kept excessively long on Trovan. This is on the grounds that five passings were accounted for yet this could have been evaded (BBC, 2001, p. 9). Truly, a few kids created joint pain yet there were other endorsed drugs at the field emergency clinic that could have been utilized. This is all around expounded by the way that Doctors Without Borders were utilizing an endorsed sedate at that place. Is it moral to test trial sedates on youngsters in an emergency setting in the creating scene where the general standard of human services is such a great amount of lower than i n the created world and appropriate conventions probably won't be followed? It isn't moral at all to test exploratory medications in an emergency setting since better medications can be utilized to turn away an emergency. The organization could have utilized the correct strides in presenting another medication not at all like what they did (BBC, 2001, p.17). Later on, the medication was affirmed to be utilized by grown-ups in USA yet the organization was trying the medication with youngsters. This is exploitative of an enormous global that should maintain moral norms in its practices. Reference List BBC. (2001). Nigerians sue Pfizer over test passings. Recovered from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/howdy/business/1517171.stm Pfizer. (2011). Periods of Development. Recovered from https://www.pfizer.com/science/clinical-preliminaries/what-are-clinical-preliminaries

Discuss With Reference To Edwin Chadwick History Essay

Talk about With Reference To Edwin Chadwick History Essay Subordinate whereupon recorded field of study one has worked inside, the picture of Edwin Chadwick has, in previous historiography, been fairly captivated. Inside the setting of the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act, we are given a knowledge into the abhorrent Edwin, the antagonist of poor-alleviation. His part in the production of an obstacle framework that engaged upon indoor alleviation inside the feared workhouse as its center, made him disliked contemporaneously, and verifiably. In any case, on the flipside of this coin, as one may expect, is a picture of a man of ethical quality. This Chadwick, in contrast to his previous pretense, has been proclaimed by students of history as one the extraordinary figures and advocates of general wellbeing. His Sanitary Report (1842) was and is, viewed as the spearheading bit of reformist writing that lighted the fire of general wellbeing in England.â [2]â Here I have demonstrated the different sides of Edwin Chadwick. These two apparently separate elements have been investigated by historians. [3] Yet, it appears that as of not long ago, Chadwick inside the general wellbeing setting has maintained a strategic distance from the examination that the prior poor law related Chadwick has endured. This can be ascribed to an extraordinary degree to the early historiographical thankfulness (or rather a deficiency in that department) of the new poor law. This picture of the mercilessness and irreverence of the Amendment Act and the negative examination of the poor law post-1834 started with Beatrice and Sidney Webb. Their well known, and various, volumes on English neighborhood government have to a great extent been ruined by current students of history as to some degree ahistorical. It is some of the time excessively simple to put upon a contemporaneous verifiable setting present day perspectives and standards. Early authentic perspective s encompassing the new poor law experienced this contemporary uniting. In a similar vein, the historiography of general wellbeing corresponding to Chadwick can be seen as teleological. On the off chance that not teleological, at that point it unquestionably experienced an absence of addressing of Chadwicks general wellbeing beliefs, particularly those elucidated in his Sanitary Report. The impediments of this historiography are being helped by a present harvest of students of history, including Christopher Hamlin, Mary Poovey, and marginally prior by Anthony Brundage. [4] The facade of the Sanitary Report is being cleaned away to uncover the intricacy of Chadwicks goals covered up inside the grain. Students of history, for example, Hamlin have underscored the political idea of Chadwicks Report. This new examination of the Chadwick of general wellbeing has limited the hole between the Chadwick of the poor law. There is only one Chadwick. This paper will ideally invalidate this duality of Chadwick, and underscore the similitudes between Chadwicks ment alities inside a poor law setting and those inside the Sanitary Report. There are politically charged strings that connect his work inside the Royal Commission for the poor law, somewhere in the range of 1832 and 1834, to that of his 1842 Sanitary Report. Both the poor law and sanitation were parts of Chadwicks more extensive reformist vision for England, yet for Great Britain. [5] Chadwicks national image of social association and improvement through brought together overseeing bodies, self-oversight, observation and control depended on the collection of a mass of proof and data. Centralisation, control, and insights are the key strings to comprehension Chadwick the government official, in the event that he was such by any stretch of the imagination. Indispensable to a comprehension of Chadwicks political influence is the impact of Jeremy Bentham and his Utilitarian principles. [6] This is a string that will go through and close by different strings; it is absolutely a huge part of the legislative issues of Chadwick. A few students of history propose that Chadwick was a result of Benthamite principles.â [7]â Along these lines, an investigation of Chadwick without the consideration of Jeremy Bentham would be an extensively reduced comprehension of Chadwicks legislative issues. The subjects of Utilitarianism run all through crafted by Chadwick. His thoughts on the cosmetics of the English or even British state depend to a great extent upon the lessons of Bentham. [8] The Poor Law Commission inside Chadwicks origination of regulatory bodies was along fundamentally the same as lines to that of Benthams Indigence Relief Minister. Moreover, the later General Board of Health for which Chadwick can be ascribed, was comparable from various perspectives to the Minister of Health placed by Bentham. It is surely evident that Benthams standards significantly affected Chadwicks thoughts of focal association and administration. [9] Historians, for example, John Roach and Anthony Brundage have credited this forming of Chadwicks brain to Benthams Constitutional Code. This time of Chadwicks life, when living with Bentham, and helping him draft the Constitutional Code, is placed as one of the most critical and compelling periods in embellishment his political, social and basic standpoint. However, as Helen Benyon has recommended, after Benthams passing, his understudy can be believed to leave to some degree from his code. [10] This uniqueness can be seen all through Chadwicks vocation. For instance, Bentham believed an illustrious commission to be an instrument of monarchical tyranny. [11] Yet as is very much archived, Chadwick was vigorously associated with such commissions, remembering his part for the Royal Commission on the poor law, for which he assumed a huge job. He even headed the Royal Commission on manufacturing plants, and assumed an empowering job in the commission that brought about the death of the Public Health Act in 1848. This difference isn't really negative. In numerous regards, a regal commission was a stylish instrument of the Victorian time frame which induced change. In this manner, we can see Chadwick as only utilizing the political roads that existed to declare his own reformist goals. Moreover, quite a bit of what Chadwick made out of these commissions, in regulatory and authoritative terms was moderately utilitarian. This subject of centralisation and will be point by point in the procedure area. One staying point can be seen in Chadwicks restriction to all inclusive political liberation, something which Bentham surely upheld towards the feasibility of popular government. This move from Benthamism is unquestionably huge for later investigation of Chadwicks origination of social association inside his Sanitary Report. This ought not take away from the broad impact that Benthams philosophy had upon the later work of Chadwick. He was not a total result of Bentham, his own past and ideological cosmetics blended and melded with the idle Benthamite standards, the most noteworthy of which can be seen in Chadwicks entirely national image of change and improvement towards intercession, and assessment through centralisation. Following this line of reasoning, we move into a key zone of Chadwicks belief system. Centralisation was a noteworthy part of the Chadwick model of association. It has its starting points in Benthamism; of a significantly national and uniform arrangement of institutional organisation. [12] An significant factor in this is the Whig government from the 1832 Parliamentary Reform Act all through the 1830s. As Brundage has recommended this Whig government managed the most remarkable times of government development in British history. [13] Reforms in territories, for example, the industrial facilities, the poor laws, training and police, all included the development of focal government. There is a distinct Benthamite flavor to this reformism. Furthermore, this impact could be seen in the figure of Chadwick, however in moderate places of intensity. However Chadwick is, for the reasons for this article the most noteworthy person. His concentrating vision is unquestionably along utili tarian lines. This was Bourne out of a theoretical and calculated meaning of paternalism which could be united onto his model of concentrated government. Be that as it may, the Whig governments thought of paternalism was along the more conventional lines of support of the strength of neighborhood government. The Whigs were available to government development, yet just to maintain and reinforce this conventional fatherly hierarchy. [14] In this regard one can see Chadwicks dreams of focal association as maybe being shaped by his contemporaneous reality. Britain was increasingly an agglomeration of districts, wards, and custom-based law courts than a state. [15] For his concentrated vision to be acknowledged, he would need to make concessions. The structure of association and organization for which he accommodated poor people law is a prime case of such a concession. He made the focal body of the Poor Law Commission, the inspectorial and supervisorial authority of uniform help , while keeping the nearby organs. In any case, these neighborhood associations directed a lot bigger geological areas than under the old poor law, amalgamating a few wards together. Alongside this model under the poor law, the previous Factory Act, or Althorps Act went in 1833 is most likely a progressively noteworthy marker of the focal obstruction of Chadwick. It was the primary bit of enactment in Britain dependent on a significant request by specialists involving derivation by the focal government, regulated by operators of focal government. [16] This concentrated and uniform state driven belief system can even be recognized inside Chadwicks Sanitary Report. His vision of a national system of funnels, siphoning new water into the homes and flushing out waste gives an extremely striking picture of state uniformity. [17] Furthermore, for the establishment of such an enormous scope task, he accentuates the requirement for a halfway sorted out arrangement of mastery and aut hority. In 1848 the General Board of Health was set up. One can distinguish inside Chadwicks work a general reformist vision. Inside both the poor law (for which Chadwick has been contrarily assessed) and the making of general wellbeing (for which he is the supporter holy person) one can identif

Social Anthropology and Politics - Free Essay Example

Ethnography is a form of anthropology in which an ethnographer studies the customs and behaviors to describe a group or culture. Ethnographers can study anything ranging from a small exotic land to a classroom anywhere in the world. (Fetterman 1998, 1). What it means, precisely, to behave ethically and in a matter that is politically correct, is a line of inquiry that challenges this discipline. This is so because the questions raised are broad and difficult to answer. However, there are certain actions and behaviors that are universally understood to be unethical and politically incorrect as these relate to ethnography. Since the researchers job is to extract the relevant, unknown and critical areas of the subjects life, culture, and daily routine, conflicting data, and subjective personalities can easily interfere with the collection and analysis of credible and usable information. Certainly, the approach and methodology employed by the researcher, as well as his or her temperament, in relation to the subject matter, all affect the integrity of the data and the conclusions drawn from it. Thus, the ethnographers awareness of these factors is a crucial component in the ethnographic process and should be learned, appreciated and appl ied by its practitioners. The accuracy of the ethnographers data collection efforts are routinely and continually challenged by both ethical and political factors that conflict or impair the researchers results. Often, these conflicts occur because the researcher is not in tune with the implicit meaning of the spoken and unspoken communication of the subject (or group of subjects). Many communications, although apparently straightforward on the surface, are misinterpreted or misconstrued because the ethnographer is not familiar with the subtleties of the subject community. Thus, it seems, that the ethnographers research can be affected and even tarnished if he or she is not aware of and sensitive to the ethical and political perspectives of the subject community. This awareness will impact how the ethnographer approaches his or her methodology of acquiring valid information from different groups or cultures. Thus, the different methods that ethnographers use in their research studies, must be synchronized with the political and ethical issues that will likely affect the information elicited. Anthropological self-questioning concerning the conditions and outcomes of knowledge production are especially acute where ethnography is concerned. The basics of most anthropological guidelines stress the principles of seeking informed consent, not causing harm to individu als, leaving the field situation in the way one found it, and safeguarding confidentiality. Clearly, the more skilled ethnographers employ a great deal of thoughtfulness and organization when preparing for their research projects. Successful research can and will lead to significant findings, but poor research will not. One of the crucial steps that an ethnographer-interviewer takes in preparation of an interview, is the formulation of a grand tour question that is designed to elicit a broad picture of the participants life or culture (Fetterman 1998, 40). Verbal interaction is the primary conduit of an interview, but can also be a source of conflict and concern unless the ethnographer is attuned to potential differences with respect to the meaning of key words and concepts. Words and expressions have different meanings in different cultures and therefore can be communicated, processed and understood in various ways and, in some cases, the completely wrong way (Fetterman 1998, 38). Often, these misinterpretations can lead to ethical conflicts when a subject takes offense at an ethnographers accidental poor choice of wording or the ethnographer makes an erroneous assumption or judgment about the subject or their native land. A significant aspect of an ethnographers research methodology is travel. Many ethnographer-researchers travel to remote parts of the world in order to witness and engage with other cultures (immersion). It is important that the ethnographer strive to adapt to the subject culture and, at the same time, guard against his or her own cultural biases to be perceived by the subjects. What is clear is that this form of cultural immersion enables the ethnographer to learn a great deal about the communication and cultural aspects of the subject as well as their collective sense of self. A particular concern noted by Madison occurs when the ethnographer assumes a posture of superiority. This often leads to and results in a tacit, or overt, power struggle between the researcher and the subject, and positionality arises as a result. This dynamic is considered an ethical concern because it is neither conducive for the ethnographer or the native subject to have power over the other. In the case where the ethnographer becomes too self-obsessed due to his or her superior education, they may lose track of the reason as to why they are really there, and start to overpower the natives. (Madison 2005, 105). Certainly, this power struggle will result in inferior data. Ethnographies are designed to be holistic accounts that strive to present comprehensive accounts of another society and its culture, showing the interrelation of elements such as political organization, religion, law, kinship, mythology, and subsistence practices. Intimate, face-to-face research can be politically sensitive and can heighten the self-consciousness of all parties involved. The experiential and subjective nature of this mode of research opens anthropological reflections to the humanities and to ways of becoming involved in social issues (Brown 2004). Despite all of the incredible research undertaken by ethnographers, they must be continually on the alert for ethical, as well as political, issues that arise in the course of their research. In fact, political concerns may be ever more problematic because of their subtlety. Community politics has always been closely involved with issues of research and ethics. Mo re attention has been dedicated to this political concern, as it affects ethnography, since the 1970s. Issues involving gender, class, ethnicity, social strata and the like can easily affect the quality of data obtained by ethnographic research. Even when the intent is to the contrary, an ethnographer can at times make his or her subject feel uncomfortable or self-conscious by the way that questions are phrased or by over-sharing their political opinion. Generally, people are politically sensitive. Each culture has different perspectives and tolerances that are acceptable to them. An outsider trying to immerse ones self into an entirely different culture, can unintentionally but easily cause political conflict and sensitivity to surface. In groups or cultures where a specific political view is widely shared and, on the surface accepted as the norm, many subjects will hide their opposing thoughts because of the prevailing political thought in their communities. The political climate will often inhibit or dilute the communication of the truth in peoples hearts. John Provinse, was mainly concerned with problems of a political nature regarding ethnography. When Australian and Melanesian ethnography was developed in the early 1900s, it influenced studies of kinship, religion and social structure. However, there was no emphasis on the study of political issues. Since these nations were small, they did not have widely differing political opinions. While studying in Melanesia, anthropologist Malinowski decided to create a functional school of anthropology where the primary focus would be on the study of systems and behavior in various societies. This opened up one of the earlier definitive ethnographic study of political movements and studies. This movement toward political anthropology began when trained students from small lands encountered large-scale lands in Africa. In fact, they were compelled to study government and politics (Provinse 1953. 18). Since, initially, they were not familiar with these types of society and political problems, they had to compare their data to other anthropologists working in very different places. Radcliffe-Brown came up with a definition to define the politics which were involved in isolating essentials of political organization: In studying political organization, we have to deal with the maintenance or establishment of social order, within a territorial framework, by the organized exercise of coercive authority through the use, or the possibility of use, of physical force (Hammer 2002, 22). This shift in ethnographers studies, produced a change in the type of data they now collect through observation. It also caused the rapid growth of political parties and the emergence of new political regimes which altered anthropologists conception of ethnography. Anthropological studies dealing with national political parties and their impact upon local political events began to appear in the late 1950s. In a period of contending interests, most studies deal with competition, with conflict, and with rapid change (Gluckman 1965). Given the unique nature of ethnographic research, which distinguishes it from impersonal archival work, mass-administered questionnaires and number crunching, public surveillance, and more remote ways of interpreting peoples behaviors and their meanings, many fields and diverse interests have become attracted to ethnography (Gluckman 1965). Ethnography, when carefully undertaken and performed, can yield incredibly enlightening information about a culture. Clearly, the most important discoveries are those that are not obvious but require digging deeper and penetrating barriers. When the ethnographer is able to overcome or account for ethical or political concerns that might affect the quality of data obtained, and then controls for these factors, this will likely yield more accurate information and provide a basis for more realistic conclusions relating to a subject culture.

The Media And Its Portrayal Of Athletes - 1573 Words

According to Knight and Giuliano’s 2001 article, gender equality has been and will remain a current topic of hot discussion in the media and its portrayal of athletes. Athletes have a unique ability to deliver their thoughts and information to the masses through the media outlets given to them in regard to their social status. Once the media has heard what the athletes have to say it can be at the media’s hand for interpretation. In this specific study 92 undergraduates were given a fake newspaper that covered an Olympian with the main focus being on attractiveness. The study covered male and female athletes in the newspaper article while focusing predominantly on attractiveness. Results show that the readers not only disliked the attraction focus, but also preferred the reading be more focused on the athleticism of the Olympians. The largest take away from the study is the media and its coverage or portrayal of athletes being geared towards athletic achievement over qu ality of appearance In Riebock and Bae s 2013 literature review they discuss the differences in men and women athletes body perception in the media. To get their results they used multiple questionnaires that revolved around questions dealing with body shame, self-objectification and their appearance goal. Their conclusion said grade level and ethnicity do not play a significant role in the effects of the media on body perceptions† (Riebock Bae, 2013). However, what does play a role is gender. Women are inShow MoreRelatedThe General Public s View Of African American Athletes Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pageswould like to research how these articles effects the general public’s view of African American athletes. I would do this by surveying groups of classrooms, students around campus, and showing them athletes. I would show them both African American athletes and White Athletes. I would ask them how they feel about these athletes, why they feel this way about them, and what have they heard about them in the media. After collecting this data, and gathering my conclusion from it, I would like to go back andRead MoreThe Issue Of Inequality Within The Sporting World1285 Words   |  6 Pagesthat effect women’s sport that stop its rise to prominence in Australian society. These barriers include, sexploitation, women s portrayal and coverage in the media, sponsorship cycle, participation rates in young girls and misogyny. These issues directly affect the major stakeholders in women’s sport. These stakeholders are for these issues are female athletes, media companies, female children and the Australian society in general. Women’s sport in Australia has such low acceptance, airtime andRead MoreGender Stereotyping : A Televised Media Sports Coverage1332 Words   |  6 PagesTelevised Media Sports Coverage Anonymous University of Arizonaâ€Æ' Abstract Sports fans usually acknowledge various sports through different mass media outlets. To develop our comprehension of social qualities inserted in sports and to investigate current values and power structures in regards to men and women, it is important to explore the potential impact that media may have in manipulating conventions about gender-appropriate sport conduct. One question that will be answered is, does mass media influenceRead MoreAfrican American And Black Athletes895 Words   |  4 Pagesand black athletes being portrayed as beast like, unintelligent, emotional, dominating, violent, and brutal. The specific sport of focus is the NBA. Black athletes are portrayed as beast and animal like in media images like poster, magazine covers, tee shirts, and game freeze frames. Black players have made many strides in the NBA, nearly 75% of NBA players are black, while only 23% of players are white (The 2015 Racial and Gender Report Card). Although there are many black players the media is stillRead MoreGender Inequality For Women s Sports982 Words   |  4 Pagesand it was more relatable to me. Women in Sports have been a controversial topic. The topic includes the inequalities as media portrayals, gender stereotyping and the different levels of standards women are held to. These may vary in different areas, however. The differences in the way that the media portrays female athletes, opposed to the way the media portrays male athletes have always been noticeable. Our culture as a whole has undergone dramatic changes with regard to the recognition of inappropriateRead MoreDoes Racial Bias Affect The Lives Of Americans? 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Today there is almost an equal amount of women participating in sports as man, yet women are still not being represented with the same approach as men. About a month ago I found a video onlineRead MoreSouled Out? How Blacks Are Winning and Losing in Sports by Shun Powell1349 Words   |  5 Pagesequality through sports across the world, Powell offers his work as a portrayal of the evolution of African-am erican athletes over time and compares past struggles with modern day issues. Powell discusses how African American’s are both winning and losing in sports, but ultimately emphasizes the negative aspects of the on-going crisis. Powell, a well-known journalist, reviews and discusses how education, professional activism, media, and community relate and affect African-Americans in sports, thereforeRead MoreGender Inequality : Sports And Women s Professional Level Of Sport1469 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst the female athlete. When you turn on Sportscenter or TSN and watch the highlights of last night’s games you will most likely see men’s basketball, football, and baseball more than you will see any women’s sports. In 2009, 72% of ESPN’s coverage was related to basketball, football, or baseball (Lisec McDonald 2012). It is clear that in today’s Western society, males are the dominant figure in sports and receive a tremendous amount of more media attention than female athletes. Young boys growRead MoreMedia Influence On Sports1347 Words   |  6 Pagesthe past years the media has had a big effect on society. Many people rely on the media for news or sports coverage but they don’t realize that the media may influence people’s beliefs or way of behaving. The media covers sports in order to provide information to the fans but they also can create fake news to spark controversy in sports. The world of sports is largely affected by the media as they are a big t opic to talk about throughout all kinds of media. Although the media can provide information

Portrayal of Asian Americans - 3456 Words

Abstract My research focused on the coverage of Asian Americans in contemporary mass media. The following types of media were researched:  · Music  · Television  · Films  · Magazines I gave several examples where Asian Americans were used to play very simple characters. These roles were defined by stereotypes that exist in America. I also researched instances on counter actions taken by Asian Americans to protest against these negative images. My research also has examples of Asians that have succeeded in breaking through the racial barriers in the media. The results show that even though racial stereotyping still exists in various forms of mass media, there are signs that show noticeable improvement on allowing a more balanced†¦show more content†¦Hollywood typically restricts its portrayals of Asians to a limited range of clichà ©d stock characters (Restrictive Portrayals [RP], 2004). Examples of the common roles that Asian Americans play in movies are martial artists, Indian cab drivers, television anchorwomen and prostitutes (RP, 2004). Even if most Americans do not buy into these images because they interact with many Asian Americans who do not fit the stereotype, the areas of concern are those parts in the United States where there isnt a sufficient Asian population (Wu, 2002). Since many Asian people do not surround these Americans on an everyday environment, it is a safe assumption that they will draw their judgment of Asian Americans from how they are portrayed on film and television. In many American films, Asian men are portrayed as passive, old, and speak broken English. The Karate Kid was a popular movie that depicted the Asian actor as such a man. In The Karate Kid, Pat Morita plays Mr. Miyagi, an old Japanese American World War II veteran who calmly trains an enthusiastic white teenage male the Japanese martial arts of karate. Despite the fact that Mr. Miyagi was an American World War II veteran, he was still portrayed speaking English with a foreign accent. The myth that all Asian men know some form of martial arts was also stressed in this movie when Mr. Miyagi surprises Daniel (the white male leading actor) with his karate moves after appearingShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Portrayal Of Asian Americans1218 Words   |  5 Pagesattitude of one person towards another class of people and stereotype them in positive, but mostly negative ways. One population that has played victim to the repercussions of the mass media is Asian Americans, who have been oppress ed and deemed a minority by Americans. The media’s portrayal of Asian Americans has had detrimental effects on one’s opportunities, performance, and their perception of the world. 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Despite America’s changing demographics, Hollywood’s most powerful leaders still lack behind in responding to the demands for movies that reflect cultural and racial shifts. The demand for more culturally diverse movies has been increasing over time. 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Unfortunately, media’s portrayal of differentRead MoreEssay about Racism in Family Guy Supports Stereotypes1138 Words   |  5 Pagesowned by Native Americans. Lacroix states that â€Å"Though visual exaggeration may be argued to be a feature of the genre, the tone of these satirization is plainly patronizing† (Lacroix). The Native Americans’ were portrayed in a nonsensical manner. Lacroix mentions there were multiple jokes made about the intelligence of the Native Americans as well as characters with absurd names such as â€Å"Running Bear† and â€Å"Watches You Pee† (The Son Also Draws). This may be called satire but the portrayal of the NativeRead MoreThe Role Of Media And Its Effects On Society1648 Words    |  7 Pagesthese forms of media and advertisements sometimes receive the attention but after time passes on we forget them. Aunt Jemima is a famous individual who has been through many changed over time, which at first, she looked like a terrifying African American lady who had a creepy smile but as time passed, her appearance changed to fit into this society’s norm. From this we are likely to think that this types of ethnics and racism has been eliminated in this decade. However, even in 2016 these advertisementsRead MoreRush Hour Two: Through an American Perspective1062 Words   |  4 PagesRush Hour 2: Through an American Lens Filmic comedies are often genres that are overlooked in regards to the level of seriousness that they bring. Due to the levity of the content itself, comedies have much more freedom to deviate from the contextual restraints, imposed by society itself, other film genres must respect. Contextual constraints, such as, racial stereotypes, gender connotations, and cultural references, are components that comedies use in order to achieve humor at its maximum effectRead MoreWomen Being Influenced by the Portrayal of Their Roles in Film861 Words   |  4 PagesWomen being influenced by the portrayal of their roles in film Assignment 2A By Hoe Shuhui Joanne (S9132359A) Group No. 25 Academic Writing WRIT001/Term 2 – 2010/2011 I declare that this Assignment is my original work and all information obtained from other sources has been cited accordingly. Joanne Hoe 17/02/2010 Turnitin _______________________ Similarity Signature and Date Index % Course Instructor: Katherine Barg As the definition of being a

Mothers Arms free essay sample

Mymothers arms. If I remember one thing about growing up, it will be herstrong, comforting arms. When I was struggling with a problem, or cryingsoftly at night, she was always there to hold me. She influenced myvalues and taught me how to be passionate about my abilities and myself.Above all else in this world, I love and respect my mother. Foralmost three years now I have had a part-time job at a local restaurant,which has many responsibilities. I often come home frustrated and stillhave to do homework. No matter how stressed I may be, my mother alwayssays the right thing. She tells me that no matter what job I have, workis what you make of it and that better things will come aftercollege. Throughout my school career, I have changed friends asoften as I change clothes. There were times when my mother knew acertain friend or acquaintance wasnt good for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Mothers Arms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She says she cansense it, and she always ended up being right. The several closegirlfriends in my life now are very honest, caring andtrustworthy. Respect, love and admiration are what I feel formy mother. She works 45 hours a week and cares for her parents, but herarms are ready to wrap around me with a reassuring squeeze at anymoment. She gives advice freely, and never asks for anything in return.My mother inspires me; she makes me want to become someone great,someone devoted to those closest to me and my own future.

Sonnet 29 Essays (278 words) - Sonnet 1, Sonnet, Sonnet 3, Sonnet 5

Sonnet 29 Rob Benkovic Mrs. Stahl Period 8 5/8/00 Explication of Sonnet 29 The reader can find Shakespeares dilemma in the first two stanzas. His problem is quite clear: he is lonely and depressed. As an outcast of society, he feels unlucky and thinks that there is no hope for him. Not even God can help him. Money and riches he does not desire; all he asks for is to be liked by others. He also admires other mens writing talent and knowledge, which he feels he does not have. Shakespeare offers the solution to his problem in the third and fourth stanza. Telling of the man to whom he writes this sonnet to, Shakespeare says that when he feels downhearted, he can look toward him. When he looks upon the man, it makes him feel complete. Like the bird that wakes early to sing to the heavens, the man seems to wash away Shakespeares anguish and misery. This sonnet is a perfect example of an English Sonnet, characterized by three quatrains followed by a single couplet. The end rhyme in such sonnets is as follows: ABABCDCDEFEFGG. The meter in this specific sonnet, for the most part, is iambic pentameter. However, lines 3, 9, and 11 include an extra syllable. The author uses simile in lines 4, 5, and 11. In line 11, break of day can be classified as a dead metaphor. The only assonance found in this Sonnet is in line 7: mans art and that mans scope,. There is also one line that shows consonance, it is line 9: Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,. Shakespeare Essays

How Architecture Reflects Ancient Cultures †History Essay

How Architecture Reflects Ancient Cultures – History Essay Free Online Research Papers How Architecture Reflects Ancient Cultures History Essay â€Å"As men journeyed to the east, they came upon plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. They said to one another, ‘come, let us make bricks and bake them hard’; they used bricks for stone and bitumen for mortar.† As we look back thousands years back, history tells us a story about people and how they struggled for food and shelter, how they, like Book of Genesis describe, found ways to use the environment to survive. To built shelter protecting from sun, wind and rain was one of the most fundamental humans needs. As this concern goes beyond necessity, people express their intellect and skills to find creative ways to shape material. Civilization could be created only if people freed themselves from hunter gatherer economy. The freedom came with development of agriculture, which allowed people to live more sedimentary life. Few villages scattered across Asia Minor, especially two rivers, Tigris and Euphrates. Severe geographical conditions forced people to create irrigation systems and more centralized government. As a result, first cities Uruk, Lagash, Umma, and others, formed first Civilization, Mesopotamia. The city was distinguished by public buildings and strong city wall. The most distinctive buildings in the cities, called ziggurats, were rising into the sky and were possible to approach through ramps and stairs. â€Å"Fully developed, a ziggurat looked much like a modern stepped-back skyscraper or like a jagged pyramid.†(Vincent M. Scramuzza, 30) That’s what Herodotus wrote about them: â€Å"On the summit there is a spacious shrine, inside which there is an exceptionally large bed, richly decorated, with a golden table beside it. No statue of any kind is erected there, and no one occupies the room at night except a single woman the god, so the priests say, has specially chosen for himself. They also say that the god comes to the room in person and sleeps on bed. I do not believe it myself.† (Herodotus) Ziggurat also appeared in the Bible as a tower of Babel: â€Å"And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.† There Babel was a symbol of diffusion of languages and beginning of kingdom whose name was â€Å"scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.†(Bible) It is believed that Mesopotamians believed that the ziggurat was an initial base on which universe was built. Also they literally perceived ziggurat as â€Å"house of gods†. That suggests that people were highly religious. The structure of the building also shows that: it was built as several terraced stories on which a temple stood. Its purpose was to get the temple as close to the heavens and to provide an entrance to the temple through the steppes. The ziggurats were not built for public worshiping, but they were places through which gods could get closer to people. Ziggurats symbolized power of the gods, they were imitations of mountains and Mesopotamian people thought of them as the main power of the earth. â€Å"Urban centers often grew because of their temples, which served religious needs of people, and also because of their administrative and economic functions.†(Karen Rhea, 102). Temple organized society and controlled most aspects of society and economy. Only priests were allowed to go inside the temple and take care of the ziggurat. As a result they were very powerful in the society. The temples were vertical bond between earth and heaven (spiritual function) and as a horizontal bond, through the priests, between the lands (economical function). Above priests were kings – lugals. Kings had the highest authority in Mesopotamia. Kings were god’s representatives and therefore elected by gods to rule people. Palaces, such as Palace of Sorgon at Korsabad, showed high authority of the king. Poor geographical conditions determined a warlike form of Mesopotamia. Records show quarrels over land, materials and other economic reasons, for example ancient proverbs show struggles of this type: â€Å"If you go and take a field of an enemy, the enemy will come and take your field.† â€Å"The city whose weapons are not strong the enemy before its gates shall not be thrust through.† To protect the city from invaders Mesopotamians had to build a protective wall. Ancient descriptions left a good record about them, even they are destroyed now. The top of the wall was a roadway so that people could walk. It was built of two parts – the outer wall made of baked brick and interior wall made of mud brick and space in between filled with rubble. The entrance gate, for example Ishtar gate to Babylon, was decorated with glazed bricks showing bulls and dragons symbolizing the power of the king. King Nebuchadnezzar expressed his proud of the city walls around 590 B.C.: â€Å"I built a mighty moat-wall of brick and bitumen, and linked it to the moat-wall built by my father. I built its foundations on the underworld. I made it as high as a mountain.† Mountain as mentioned earlier was perceived as the highest power of the earth. Ziggurats, temples and palaces defended by fortified walls, describe highly stratified and warlike society conformable to the order of gods. Egypt Pyramids perpetuated static, never expecting to change society. Egypt was also influenced by religion and many aspects of the life had mythological explanation, but their outlook had more enjoyment and secureness in life. The pyramids built in Old Kingdom, like Khufu pyramid in Giza plateau, rose as high as 481 feet, was built from 2,300,000 blocks of stone and has been the tallest building for 4000 years. What made people built such vast buildings that would rise up high for so long that deserve to be called a symbol of eternity? Secured life provided by Nile shaped a complicated and a vaguely understandable religion. Many deities’ secured peoples houses and lives, goods were truly divine and mystical, like god of sky (Ra), god of river (Osiris), who provides life and wealth. Rulers of people, Pharaohs, unlike the Mesopotamian kings, who were mortals, were gods on earth. Their duties were to make sure that the sun rises and Nile floods. Pyramids were built to contain pharaoh’s body after death and ensure happy and eternal afterlife. They were built to assist kings journey to heaven and its shape could be interpreted as a ramp to the sky. Also pyramid could be solar symbol representing rays of sun breaking through the sky. Whatever the interpretation, but it is obvious that kings were trying to build tallest building possible. The pyramids reflect that rulers not only were able to develop very religious concepts about afterlife, but also the ability of its rulers to marshal the agricultural wealth of the land† (Chester G. Starr, 59). The king governed all aspects of people’s lives and the peasants who built pyramids left qualified, detailed, and honest work. They were not slaves, because they were taken care of for working for king and considered work for king as great honor and believed that it will earn happy afterlife. The architecture of pyramids suggests â€Å"simplicity, concentration and the earthy riches of the civilized society that erected them.† (Chester G. Starr, 63). Even there was no law like Hamurrabi code, the society was more developed than Mesopotamian: â€Å"we owe [Egypt] a calendar of 365 days, [†¦] 12 months of 30 days each were added 5 days at the end of the year†, 24 hour day, 360 degree circle. The accurate building technique shows accomplishments in math, geometry, and astronomy. The pyramids were built from limestone and cut with high precision. The sides of pyramid were laid precisely directing North, South, East, and West. The pyramids of Gizeh (Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure) lay precisely as {will find out later} asterism. The kings of Middle and New Kingdoms continued to build complex buildings, but not as big projects as pyramids. For example The Temples of Carnak was a huge complex of temples, which served as religious centers, storage, service, workshop spaces, and gardens. This temple was not built by one Pharaoh; it was responsibility to enlarge the temple of the each ruler. I think this new religious complex served as an urban center also and was a necessity for Egyptians they started to interact with other states more. I think that Egypt and Mesopotamia were similar in a way; just the reasons and conditions that formed these cultures were different. Geographical conditions determined the nature of Egypt and Mesopotamia – both were river valley cultures. One person’s cult was exalted and king had almost absolute power over people in both cultures. Even though the science progressed in Egypt and Mesopotamia, people’s knowledge was still limited and most aspects of the life were explained with religion. Even the architecture was expressed through vast buildings which were joints of earth with gods. These cultures are so different from a Aegean cultures, which was emerging around 1700 B.C.E. The palaces and tombs found in Crete and mainland are archeological evidence of Minoan and Mycenaean cultures which laid the roots for Greek civilization. The complex of Knossos found in Crete suggests that Minoan culture consisted of small kingdoms. Large storage areas found within the palace suggest that economy was based on trades. The location (Crete was located at the crossroads) supports the evidence. Trades with Egypt influenced arts. Elegant architecture, vitality, grace and sophistication of the paintings show high cultural level of this civilization. â€Å"A history of Greeks is one of the most improbable success stories in all of the world history. A small people inhabiting a poor country on the periphery of civilization of Egypt and near East, the Greeks created one of the world’s most remarkable cultures.† (Sarah B. Pomeroy, xiv) It is almost every area in arts, science, and politics that Greeks made fundamental contributions. Greece started developing as its cities Athens, Corinth, and Sparta started growing politically and separate. A social unit has formed, named as polis, which means â€Å"city state†. Polis made Greece different from river valley civilizations and it became a political center allowing all citizens participate in political control. A new political system, democracy, emerged from the Greek word demos. Polis also left two important heritages: Socratic system and Platonic thought. The growth of the city fueled more building projects. As agora was a place for politics, open-air theater was a place for drama, temple became as an example of architecture, which had all the attributes of Greek values – proportion, balance, grace, precision and subtlety. The heritage from Egypt influenced columned temple. Rectangular form of temple plan probably came from Protogeometric style, which was purely Greek. Thus, rectangular temple with low pitched roof and surrounding colonnade – the peristyle – became main form of temple. Greece was not an integral state, each polis was separate state with its own political system, culture and economics, rather than it was united network. Architecture also did not have one style; there were three orders, the Doric, Ionian, and Corinthian. The Doric was the earliest and the simplest one. It had plain capital and no base and associated with Dorian area of Greece, particularity Sparta and Corinth. The Ionian part of the culture was more open for influences from richer east and intellectual development. Flouted columns and vaulted capitals made Ionic architecture more elegant. Corinthian order developed later and was the most ornate with its richly carved capital bristling with acanthus leaves. Contrary to Egypt and Mesopotamia, Greeks concentrated their attention to people and their life on earth. No vast buildings for worshiping gods, or kings were built. Temple was not an object of glory, but served as public building, where people gathered to celebrate and play games. The most popular ones were at sanctuaries of Zeus at Olympia and Apollo at Delphi. The games in honor of Zeus attracted many competitors to Olympia from all Greece. â€Å"Contests and rituals fostered the idea of Greeness, of sharing the same language, religion, customs, and values.† Athenian system was challenged by Persian wars at the beginning of fifth century, and later by Peloponnesian wars between Sparta and Athens. However, Athenian power depended a lot on Delian League’s city states and their funds. On this substance Athens reached highest point of culture and economic. Achievements were reflecting a â€Å"perfect† society but at the same time it was filled with contradictions: Greece was democracy, but at the same time Imperialistic, exalted was freedom for people, but women and slaves were excluded. In architecture precision was within limits too. The temple, structurally, was not much different from temple of Karnak or Stonehenge. Instead trying to find more advanced building techniques Greeks were interested in fascinating details, like joining stones, and obsessed with mathematical proportions. Between the Persian wars and Peloponnesian wars Greece reached the peak of its economy and culture. Athens at this time was the richest state in the Greece. Political control was in the hands of Perickles, who started building programs in Athens to establish political dominance in Greece. Parthenon, the most known building in the world was a result of political influences as Pericles spent the funds to beatify Athens instead of getting ready for another possible Persian attack: â€Å"Greece was seen to be suffering a grievous insult and to be ruled by an open tyranny, as it watched the Athenians gilding their polis with the moneys which it had been compelled to contribute for the war and beautifying it like a wanton woman, decorated with precious stones and statues and thousand-talent temples.† (Plutarch, Pericles 12.I-2) Parthenon – a masterpiece of Ichtinius was precise in proportion and detail. The whole building system was optical correction, so that the lines of the building would appear straight from far. To achieve that the architect swelled the columns at the middle, leaned them outwards, and made the corner columns bigger, because the sun is shining directly at them and make them look smaller. All the curved lines would straighten out as watched from distance to make the building look perfectly rectangular. At the same time the building was exquisitly intertwined with nature and had that romantic feeling as the sun playfully casts shadows through the columns. All these details show that â€Å"Greek architects took from their work that special kind of satisfaction that comes from exercising creativity within the limits posed by an elaborate code of constraints.† (Sarah b. Pomeroy,275) The Greek architecture shows how political and economical conditions influence cultural achievements, but at the same time powerful and ingenious people can create masterpieces within these influences. It also shows that architecture express what people believe they need not only for survival, but how advanced they are as civilization by using style, certain believes, knowledge and technology. Research Papers on How Architecture Reflects Ancient Cultures - History EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Masque of the Red Death Room meanings19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMind TravelHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

The Conclusion of Kerner Commission Report Essay

The Conclusion of Kerner Commission Report - Essay Example My extensive research on the riots enabled me to realize that there are significant differences between what the commission reported and what actually happened back in the mid 1960s. I found that the riots were far less destructive than they were claimed to be and in most cases there were no serious confrontations between black and white people. Therefore, what actually happened was less extensive and less destructive than it was reported by the mass media. However, most of the public sector lacked other sources of information and believed what they saw on the television or heard on the radio and thus their beliefs and impressions were shaped accordingly. (Symposium: The Urban Crisis: the Kerner Commission Report Revisited., 1993 pg 10-15) Therefore, most of the American society was a victim of what is known as the sensationalizing strategy of mass media. I believe that the Commissions claim regarding two societies has ever materialized. My view is backed up by the fact that by 1985, American African population in the suburbs had increased to approximately 20.8 million. If America had been moving towards distinct unequal black and white societies as predicted by the Kerner Report, then the American Africans would not have been able to gain the immense political success which they have in the modern society. An African American scholar W. E. B. Du Bois over 100 years ago stated that: â€Å"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line† (Walker et al 2007 pg 1) ... If America had been moving towards distinct unequal black and white societies as predicted by the Kerner Report, then the American Africans would not have been able to gain the immense political success which they have in the modern society. An African American scholar W. E. B. Du Bois over 100 years ago stated that: â€Å"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line† (Walker et al 2007 pg 1) I do believe that wherever multi cultural societies live in close proximity, racism will be inevitable. But what I do not believe is that racism alone is capable of dividing the nation. Despite all the controversies, the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s was a success because due its efforts the African American population has been able to accomplish its birth right i.e. an equal status to American white population. Before the Civil Rights movement was launched, African American population did not have an equal status to the white and were not even allowed to vot e. (Walker et al 2007 page 23). Therefore, they had no elected representation in American Parliament. After the Civil Rights movement was launched, things started to change dramatically. In accordance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Literacy test was abolished and therefore ensured that the black voters were not discriminated. Therefore, the Civil Rights movement paved the way for the success of African American population. It forced the Americans to accept the black population as equal to the white population. (Walker et al 2007 pg 24-25) Indeed, the success of the movement was reflected by the fact that Cruel and unjust punishment of black people was abolished by the American Government. Furthermore, American government strived

Legalizing gay marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Legalizing gay marriage - Essay Example Eight other states legislated gay marriages as legal while three states (Maine (Dec. 29, 2012), Maryland (Jan. 1, 2013), Washington (Dec. 9, 2012)) legalized marriage by popular vote. Unfortunately, there are still 17 states that ban same sex marriage and these include the states of â€Å"Alabama (2006, 1998), Arkansas (2004, 1997), Florida (2008, 1997), Georgia (2004, 1996), Kentucky (2004, 1998), Louisiana (2004, 1999), Michigan (2004, 1996), Mississippi (2004, 1997), Missouri (2004, 1996), Montana (2004, 1997), North Dakota (2004, 1997), Ohio (2004, 2004), South Carolina (2006, 1996), South Dakota (2006, 1996), Tennessee (2006, 1996), Texas (2005, 1997) and Nebraska† (www.gaymarriage.procon.org) which means that there are still 13 states that needs to work on about the legality of same sex marriage. One of the main reason why gay marriages should be legalized in all of the states of United States I because United States as a country is founded on the principles of equality and liberty and gay marriage is consistent to the demand of equality and liberty. This equality meant not only having equal rights and equal opportunities but also on the right to be who they want to be and who they want to love. Liberty meant not only being free from the shackles of a master but also liberty from discrimination of not being able to marry just because of sex orientation. It also meant the freedom to choose whom to love without encumbrance of the law. In a way, this is a right to equal accessibility to law to have the same legal contract of marriage that binds couple just like the straight couples. It is also worth mentioning that it is enshrined in the Declaration of Independence â€Å"that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, tha t among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happinessâ€Å"

Revolutions and insurgencies Essay Example for Free

Revolutions and insurgencies Essay Today and Tomorrow – 4th and 5th Generation Warfare The generational theory of warfare indicates a near orderly transformation of wars from the Napoleonic era to the present day, some what neatly divided into four eras. Levee en masse and the concept of nations at wars led to what is referred to as 1st generation warfare. On the other hand an age dominated by firepower spanning the First World War denotes the 2nd generation of wars, while 3rd Generation warfare includes and transcends the Second World War and was dominated by maneuver. Today’s warfare is the next generation of wars which are targeted at the opponents political will and not necessarily the military and are fought by a series of networks operating in tandem, political, social, economic and military. This era is being increasingly referred to as 4th Generation wars. (Hammes, 2004). 4th Generation warfare is one in which monopoly of the state over war has been broken by the non state actor, be it the Al Qaeda, the Tamil Tigers, Hezbollah or the Taliban. In some cases the state and the non state actor seem to be acting in tandem as the recent war in the Middle East denotes where the Hezbollah was considered by many as a proxy of Syria and Iran. This is one of the defining paradigms of 4th Generation war where the difference between the state and the non state seems to have been blurred. (Lind, 2004). Martin von Creveld also tends to support the premise set out hitherto fore by stating that unconventional wars waged against conventional forces are increasingly becoming the order of the day. (Creveld, 1991). The wars of the future are as per Creveld (1991) low intensity conflicts where tempo and intensity will be below that of conventional wars. Armies would increasingly have to tailor their resources to combat these types of conflicts as per Creveld (1991). This generational shift will evidently explain the emerging continuum of insurgencies which have transformed from massed revolutions of the 1940’s to network distributed conflicts of the 21st Century. This new revolution is thus replicating 4th and some would even argue 5th Generation warfare which is fought by non states and small groups, is driven by fundamentalist ideology and is technology fixated. The defining form of 4th Generation warfare is that the military has perhaps lost its primacy in waging wars and the state undoubtedly so. (Hammes, 2004). Thus the centre of gravity as is commonly understood in warfare and in the Clausewitzian trinity is no longer the military but the will of the people and the state to fight. (Hammes, 2004). Peters (1999) has also indicated these shifting trends where the American military which has invested so much in conventional weapons may find these irrelevant in wars of the future. This being the central theme, thus the targets become extremely diffused and are not necessarily military but include a series of possible networks within society such as political, economic, military, social and so on thereby ultimately impacting the mind of the populace to give up the fight. The Hezbollah and the Taliban have very well understood this theme. In the recent Lebanon war, Hezbollah rockets rained on civilian targets while the guerrillas were more attuned to take Israeli soldiers as prisoners. The Taliban is even more suave attempting to undermine the resolve of Western forces to wage war in Afghanistan by tactics such as kidnapping and hostage taking forcing states to accede to its demands. The United Nations is now planning to evolve a policy response for hostage taking such has been the impact of these unconventional means. The tactics used by the 4th Generation warrior to achieve his ends are innovative. The use of the small group is primary to success. In some cases even an individual terrorist can be used effectively to break the political will of the government and the people. The Madrid bombings would denote the most significant example of this new phenomenon which by targeting a large population and causing extensive casualties, the will of the government to fight a conventional war was effectively negated. The relevance of large groups operating in small nodes is also evident with Al Qaeda whose leaders have succeeded in remaining elusive for over half a decade even as the best technology and manpower seeks out Bin Laden across the globe achieving their aims with impunity across the globe. As per Creveld (1991), modern armed forces were organizationally and equipment wise not perfectly suited to fight such a war. Peters (1999) has also indicated that modern arms and armament may not be relevant to the wars of the future. What is of concern however is that conflict trends are already proliferating towards the next stage, 5th generation wars though this is still a disputed concept. Lind (2004) for instance argues that we have not yet fully assimilated the contours of 4th Generation wars, hence contemplating the next generation may be too premature. What then emerges is perhaps, â€Å"Four and a half generation of warfare† where the state is attempting to remain relevant in the years ahead. Others as Lane (Nd) are not so sure, they presage the diffusion of technology empowering individuals in the same way as states in the first three generations have been or the non state in the fourth one. What is remarkable about these postulates is that these are increasingly being made by non military thinkers. Ideology has a central role in 4th Generation warfare. Thus dogma is used to effectively link a large group of people spread across the globe. The aim of the warrior may not be per se a change in ideology itself, it would be merely to use emotional strings in beliefs, in religion, societies and governments to evoke mass reactions thereby achieving the central aim of the perpetrator to create discord. (Lane, Nd). The use of technology is very elucidative. It is used to leverage advantages of a networked organization, scalability of conflict, exploit information and create a borderless world. (Lane, Nd). The impact of media and technology would be evident with the video tapes of Osama Bin Laden regularly promulgated across the globe giving a message of blood and mayhem to followers of the faith. Technology and information is used as a medium to wage war as also as a target of conflict in 5th generation warfare. (Fifth Generation Warfare, 2005). The Cell phone for instance is a means of communication as well as a trigger rigged to remotely explode bombs in far off places. The adaptation of technology by fifth generation warriors is much faster than that of state warriors. The above survey would indicate that insurgency and revolutionary wars are increasingly replicating 4th and 5th Generation warfare fought by non states and small groups, driven by fundamentalist ideology and supported by technology. Thus as Wilcox and Wilson (2002) indicate warriors of the future will be organized along small independent action forces (SIAF) or cells without any need for a logistics base and with psychological rather than physical goals. We should not be surprised if both these generations exist simultaneously, where wars are increasingly fought by a triad of states, non states and empowered small groups. By seeing through these paradigms can we be better prepared to withstand its rigors.

Sensation, Emotion, and Thought :: Self Identity Growth Essays

Sensation, Emotion, and Thought Many times in life people get stuck with the same points of view and do not see any other way to see answers are points of view. Therefore they do not see answers that are in front of them and can not change. Seeing other people’s points of view and expanding on them is how people grow and can widen what there beliefs are. In an introduction book for philosophy, â€Å"Wisdom Without Answers†, the writers give a clear understanding of how philosophy can answer questions for people: â€Å"Philosophy shows us how to identify the limitations of our own points of view. But it does more: It teaches us how to get outside ourselves-how to cross the barriers of our familiar framework of answers† (Kolak & Martin 3). We only know a small part of life but by just thinking that are own thoughts and beliefs are right and that we will not look at the other side and stay to the familiar. The only way to grow and really be â€Å"smart† about life is to see that there is m uch we do not know. There are three combined parts of the self that makes experiences: Sensation, emotion, and our own thoughts. You can not have one without the other two. When you touch something with your finger there is pressure on the skin and from that a thought comes from you brain which also make an emotion about the action come out. The question the author is giving the readers in â€Å"Wisdom Without Answers† is they really connected together. If you have a thought do you have emotion connected to it and maybe a sensation too. Your finger can think for itself so something has to be given information to you so that you know what you are doing or feeling. This is a dilemma because they all circular around each other so they have to be connected. We don’t want are thoughts that make up some of an experience to be false. In chapter eight, the idea of experience is explored. The orientation is that sensation, emotion and thought are all components of any experience. The â€Å"disorientation† begins when the author explains that there is a difference between what we experience and the interpretation of that experience. Any sensation is based on our minds interpretation of it.

Is It Better to Fit in or to Be Different

In life, there are many ways when it is better to be different and there are many ways when it is better to fit in. There are times when it is good to be both. There are many times when they could be used well. Some times, it is better to be unusual. In academics, it is better to be diverse when somebody wants to be complimented and considered smart by using a new way to do a problem. In business, it is better for him to seem creative by not thinking like the others. In addition, when a person wants somebody to notice him he has to be different. For popularity, it is better to be unique because a person may become popular for being different and not have to follow the crowd in ways that he may not like. In some ways, it is better to fit in. In school, to fit in is to make good grades so they are not different in brains, which is better than to be different and not make good grades. In business, there is also a time where people would not be fired because they are doing as the boss tells them to and not trying to do something different that displeases the boss. In reputation, it is better to fit in because if somebody is different people may isolate that person. It is better to be both; in corporations, it is when a person thinks outside the box while doing what the boss is asking. In education, it is when a person is smart, but still being smart if others are doing badly. In popularity, it is when a person fits in with the crowd while making his opinion. There are many ways in which to be different and in which to fit in. There are also times when it is okay to fit in but not okay to be different. There are times when it is okay to be either one. That is why nobody should stick to doing just one thing all the time.

Health Care Stakeholder Engagement - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 362 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2018/12/27 Category Marketing Essay Type Speech Level High school Tags: Organization Essay Did you like this example? 1 Stakeholders Expectation from the meeting The stakeholders will be expecting strategic explanation related to what the business can do to achieve stipulated goals. The goals should align with the mission and vision of the organization Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Health Care Stakeholder Engagement" essay for you Create order The goals will be subdivided in accordance to the departments where each of the stakeholders work such as improvement in surgery. The main concern of the stakeholders who be to evaluate gaps existing in the organization, which can be filled. Filling the goals will entails establishing performance of each department. Stakeholders Expectation from the meeting The stakeholders will be expecting strategic explanation related to what the business can do to achieve stipulated goals. The goals should align with the mission and vision of the organization The goals will be subdivided in accordance to the departments where each of the stakeholders work such as improvement in surgery. The main concern of the stakeholders who be to evaluate gaps existing in the organization, which can be filled. Filling the goals will entails establishing performance of each department. 2 Stakeholders Expectation from the meeting In the assessment of risks, there are three types of risks which that can be identified. One of them strategic risks that arise when implementation of plan does not achieve a specified goal. The other risk is compliance risk that arises from legal related aspects The third type of risk is operational risk, which The risk arises from the day to day operations. Stakeholders Expectation from the meeting In the assessment of risks, there are three types of risks which that can be identified. One of them strategic risks that arise when implementation of plan does not achieve a specified goal. The other risk is compliance risk that arises from legal related aspects The third type of risk is operational risk, which The risk arises from the day to day operations. 3 Stakeholders Expectation from the meeting While presenting, I would incorporate a well organized stages. The stages would include planning, prioritize, execute, and release. In conclusion, I would wrap up the whole idea by ensuring I tackle the key issue. The conclusion would all key aspects discussed; The following diagram explains the whole process that iwould incorporate.